CAG Repeat Probes

CAG Repeat Probes

Creative Peptides offers CAG repeat probes for any research or diagnostic purpose.

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Introduction

What is PNA

PNA is a kind of DNA structural analog with a neutral amide bond as backbone firstly synthesized by Nielsen et al. The pentose phosphate backbone in natural nucleic acid is replaced by N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine unit. Linked to the backbone through a methylene carbonyl group. PNA can specifically hybridize with DNA and have extremely high biological stability. The two ends of the PNA chain are free amino groups and carboxyl groups, respectively, from amino to carboxyl when writing, corresponding to the 5' and 3' ends of DNA, respectively.

PNA Probes

The neutral backbone structure makes PNA probes have stronger binding ability and higher specificity. Compared with traditional DNA probe technology, PNA probes have special structures and properties in food, environment and clinical microorganisms. The field of rapid diagnostics shows unique advantages.

PNA-FISH technology is an emerging FISH technology that replaces DNA probes with PNA probes to detect microorganisms. It is also the most mature technology developed by PNA as a probe so far. PNA-FISH probes hybridize to target DNA with high sensitivity and specificity, and the electrical neutrality of the PNA chemical structure makes PNA probes more efficient and useful when applied to FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), even at low concentrations the same is true below. Hybridization occurs quickly (within a few hours) and background noise is significantly reduced. PNA-FISH technology not only has the high specificity of PNA probes but also has the simplicity of traditional staining technology, which can provide rapid and accurate diagnostic information for the identification of pathogenic bacteria. CAG repeat probes are one type of PNA-FISH probe.

CAG Repeat Probes

There are two common PNA CAG repeat probes, (CAG) 5-Cy3 and (CAG) 5-Cy5, whose main function is to fluorescently label and stain CAG repeat sequences, enabling in situ hybridization of CAG repeat sequences in living cells. Thereby, the CAG repeat sequence on the chromosome can be accurately and rapidly located. CAG repeat probes are all repeats including 5 CAG bases, with Cy3 or Cy5 fluorescent labels on the 3-terminal of PNA, and these two labels have maximum absorption wavelengths at 550 nm and 650 nm, respectively.

References

• Egholm M.; et al. PNA hybridizes to complementary oligonucleotides obeying the WatsonCrick hydrogen-bonding rules. Nature. 365. 6446(1993): 566-568.
• C, Molenaar. Visualizing telomere dynamics in living mammalian cells using PNA probes. The EMBO Journal. 2003, 22(24): 6631-6641.
• Chen C.; et al. Single base discrimination of CENP-B repeats on mouse and human Chromosomes with PNA-FISH. Mammalian Genome. 10. 1(1999): 13-18.
• Tanemura, K.; et al. Dynamic rearrangement of telomeres during spermatogenesis in mice. Developmental Biology. 281. 2(2005): 196-207.
• Kiliszek, A.; et al. The first crystal structures of RNA-PNA duplexes and a PNA-PNA duplex containing mismatches-Toward anti-sense therapy against TREDs. Nucleic Acids Research. 44. 4(2015).

For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.